As the core technology of the system， fiber grating sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity， accurate precision and strong environmental adaptability， and plays an important role in the protection of field cultural relics. However， the system still has some problems， such as insufficient sensor sensitivity and accuracy， limited data processing and response speed， and urgent improvement of environmental adaptability and intelligence level. In response to these problems， the paper puts forward targeted innovation and upgrade path， aiming at improving the performance and efficiency of the field heritage fiber grating intelligent security system， so as to better protect the cultural heritage.